Ban an dau tien ve buon lau chip AI: Duong day NVIDIA 160 trieu USD sang Trung Quoc bi chan dung
Ngay 11 thang 12 nam 2025
Cap nhat thang 12 nam 2025: Cac cong to vien lien bang da cong bo ban an dau tien trong mot vu buon lau cong nghe AI vao ngay 9 thang 12, tiet lo mot chien dich tri gia 160 trieu USD da van chuyen GPU NVIDIA H100 va H200 bi kiem soat xuat khau sang Trung Quoc bang tai lieu gia mao.
Cac co quan chuc nang Hoa Ky da triet pha mot mang luoi buon lau co lien quan den Trung Quoc da buon ban hon 160 trieu USD chip AI NVIDIA bi kiem soat xuat khau, Bo Tu phap cong bo vao ngay 9 thang 12 nam 2025.1 Vu truy to nay dai dien cho ban an dau tien trong mot vu chuyen huong AI va den mot ngay sau khi chinh quyen Trump cong bo noi long cac quy tac xuat khau doi voi cung loai chip.
Alan Hao Hsu, 43 tuoi, den tu Missouri City, Texas, va cong ty cua ong Hao Global LLC da nhan toi buon lau va cac hoat dong xuat khau trai phep vao ngay 10 thang 10 nam 2025.2 Chien dich Gatekeeper cho thay ca quy mo buon ban GPU cho den va co so ha tang thuc thi ma chinh phu lien bang da xay dung de chong lai no.
Co che
Tu thang 10 nam 2024 den thang 5 nam 2025, Hsu va cac dong pham da xuat khau hoac co gang xuat khau it nhat 160 trieu USD GPU NVIDIA H100 va H200 Tensor Core sang Trung Quoc, Hong Kong va cac diem den bi han che khac.3
Chien dich da theo mot kich ban tinh vi:4
- Mua qua nguoi dai dien: Co duoc GPU thong qua cac trung gian da sai su chi ra rang cac chip danh cho khach hang Hoa Ky
- Dan nhan lai: Van chuyen chip den mot kho hang o New Jersey noi cong nhan go bo nhan NVIDIA va dan nhan gia mang ten SANDKYAN, mot cong ty gia
- Lam gia tai lieu: Phan loai lai GPU thanh mo-dun bo chuyen doi hoac nhom bo chuyen doi, tuyen bo nguon goc Dai Loan va su dung ma vach gia
- Chuyen tien dien tu: Nhan hon 50 trieu USD tu Trung Quoc de tai tro cho viec mua hang
Cong ty cua Hsu da ngung hoat dong tu nam 2014 nhung dot nhien hoat dong tro lai trong linh vuc phan cung may tinh cao cap vao thang 10 nam 2024, trung voi viec tang cuong han che ban chip sang Trung Quoc.5 Cong ty da dong y mua 3.872 GPU H100 va 3.160 GPU H200 voi tong gia tri 160.815.000 USD.
Tai sao nhung chip nay quan trong
H100 va H200 dai dien cho cac GPU trung tam du lieu manh nhat cua NVIDIA de dao tao va suy luan AI. Cac thong so ky thuat chinh giai thich gia tri chien luoc cua chung:6
| GPU | Bo nho | Hieu suat FP8 | Truong hop su dung dao tao |
|---|---|---|---|
| H100 | 80GB HBM3 | 3.958 TFLOPS | Mo hinh ngon ngu lon, AI tao sinh |
| H200 | 141GB HBM3e | 3.958 TFLOPS | Ngu canh mo rong, kich thuoc lo lon hon |
Nhung GPU nay cho phep dao tao cac mo hinh AI tien tien va co cac ung dung quan su tiem nang bao gom mo phong vu khi, he thong tu dong, phan tich tinh bao va mo hinh hoa nghien cuu hat nhan.7 Kiem soat xuat khau han che viec ban chung cho Trung Quoc cu the vi nhung kha nang su dung kep nay.
Dong pham va bat giu
Cac dieu tra vien lien bang da xac dinh nhieu nguoi tham gia vao mang luoi buon lau:8
Fanyue Gong (con goi la Tom Gong), 43 tuoi, cong dan Trung Quoc cu tru tai Brooklyn, New York, la chu so huu cong ty cong nghe da thue cong nhan kho hang thay nhan. Bi bat vao ngay 3 thang 12 nam 2025, Gong doi mat voi muc an len den 10 nam vi am muu buon lau hang hoa.
Benlin Yuan, 58 tuoi, CEO cua mot cong ty dich vu CNTT o Sterling, Virginia (mot cong ty con tai Hoa Ky cua mot cong ty CNTT co tru so tai Bac Kinh), bi bat vao ngay 28 thang 11 nam 2025. Yuan da co gang lay lai cac chip bi thu giu sau khi tin nham rang chung da bi mot cong nhan kho hang an cap. Anh ta da tra 1 trieu USD tien chuoc cho cac dac vu FBI cai trang va doi mat voi muc an len den 20 nam vi am muu vi pham Dao luat Cai cach Kiem soat Xuat khau.9
Yuan co quoc tich Canada va cu tru tai Mississauga, Ontario, lam noi bat pham vi quoc te cua mang luoi buon lau.10
Boi canh thuc thi
Chien dich Gatekeeper da phat hien mot mang luoi buon lau tinh vi de doa an ninh quoc gia cua chung ta bang cach dua cong nghe AI tien tien den nhung nguoi se su dung no chong lai loi ich cua Hoa Ky, Cong to vien Hoa Ky Nicholas J. Ganjei cho Quan Nam Texas cho biet.11
Cuoc dieu tra lien quan den nhieu co quan lien bang:12 - Cuc Cong nghiep va An ninh Bo Thuong mai, Van phong Thuc thi Xuat khau (Dallas) - Co quan Thuc thi Di tru va Hai quan Hoa Ky, Dieu tra An ninh Noi dia (Dallas) - Cac van phong thuc dia FBI tai Thanh pho New York va Washington, D.C.
Hoa Ky da thu giu hon 50 trieu USD cong nghe NVIDIA va tien mat.13 Cac quan chuc lien bang chi ra rang Chien dich Gatekeeper van dang tiep dien, voi cac hanh dong thuc thi bo sung co the xay ra.
Quy mo thi truong den
Vu truy to nay dai dien cho mot phan cua thach thuc thuc thi lon hon. Cac bao cao nganh chi ra rang it nhat 1 ty USD NVIDIA B200 va cac chip bi han che khac da duoc van chuyen den Trung Quoc ke tu khi Tong thong Trump cam xuat khau GPU H20 danh rieng cho Trung Quoc vao thang 4 nam 2025.14
Gia thi truong den phan anh nhu cau. Mot rack chua tam GPU B200 AI co gia khoang 420.000 den 490.000 USD tai Trung Quoc, cao hon khoang 50% so voi gia Hoa Ky. Nguoi ban kiem duoc loi nhuan hon 100.000 USD moi giao dich.15
Mot vu an rieng biet thang 11 nam 2025 da tiet lo mot mang luoi khac van chuyen chip tu Alabama qua Malaysia va Thai Lan den Trung Quoc. Chien dich do da thanh cong buon lau 400 GPU NVIDIA A100 tu thang 10 nam 2024 den thang 1 nam 2025. Co quan thuc thi phap luat cung da ngan chan mot no luc van chuyen muoi sieu may tinh HPE chua cac bo tang toc H100 cong voi 50 GPU H200.16
Singapore da bat giu ba ca nhan vi lien quan den cac lo hang chip bat hop phap. Cac co quan chuc nang dang xem xet cac bien phap bo sung de han che tai xuat khau tu Malaysia va Thai Lan, nhung noi dong vai tro la cac tuyen buon lau chinh vao Trung Quoc.17
Nghich ly chinh sach
Thong bao truy to duoc dua ra vao ngay 9 thang 12, mot ngay sau khi chinh quyen Trump thong bao se cho phep ban NVIDIA H200 cho Trung Quoc voi phu phi 25%.18 Thoi diem nay tao ra mot su tuong phan bat thuong: truy to hinh su vi buon ban chip se som co san hop phap (voi phu phi) cho cac khach hang duoc phe duyet.
Su thay doi chinh sach phan anh su danh gia lai cua chinh quyen ve hieu qua cua kiem soat xuat khau. CEO NVIDIA Jensen Huang da cong khai lap luan rang kiem soat xuat khau da that bai, chi don gian khuyen khich Trung Quoc xay dung nang luc chip trong nuoc thay vi ngan chan su tien bo AI.19
Chien dich 160 trieu USD da thanh cong trong viec di chuyen mot luong dang ke chip bi han che truoc khi bi chan, chung to ca nhu cau ve cong nghe bi han che va kho khan trong viec duy tri rao can xuat khau khi cac doi tuong quyet tam tim ra cach lach.20
Hinh phat va tien le
Hsu van duoc tai ngoai voi tien bao lanh va doi mat voi muc an len den 10 nam tu vao ngay tuyen an 18 thang 2 nam 2026. Hao Global LLC doi mat voi muc phat len den gap doi loi nhuan bat hop phap cong voi thoi gian thu thach.21
Day la nguoi dau tien bi buoc toi va ket an trong mot vu chuyen huong AI, Ganjei tuyen bo, bao hieu lap truong thuc thi manh me ngay ca khi chinh sach xuat khau phat trien.22
Anh huong den co so ha tang
Doi voi cac to chuc mua phan cung AI, vu truy to nay lam noi bat cac rui ro tuan thu trong chuoi cung ung GPU. Cac cong ty nen xac minh:23
Tinh hop phap cua nha cung cap: Thuc hien cac thu tuc biet khach hang cua ban cho cac giao dich mua chip gia tri cao. Xac minh nha cung cap doi chieu voi Danh sach Thuc the BIS.
Do chinh xac cua tai lieu: Xac nhan phan loai san pham khop voi thong so ky thuat thuc te. Yeu cau giay chung nhan xuat xu va tai lieu xuat khau.
Xac minh nguoi dung cuoi: Ghi lai vi tri trien khai cuoi cung, dac biet doi voi cac giao dich quoc te. Duy tri dau vet kiem toan.
Xac thuc phan cung: Doi voi cac trien khai bao mat cao, xac minh so seri GPU voi co so du lieu cua NVIDIA va kiem tra cac dau hieu dan nhan lai.
Su xuat hien cua cac hoat dong dan nhan lai tinh vi co nghia la cac chip gia va bi chuyen huong co the di vao chuoi cung ung hop phap. Cac to chuc nen xem xet cac bien phap xac thuc cho viec trien khai co so ha tang quan trong.24
Diem chinh
Cho cac nhom tuan thu: - Ban an buon lau chip AI dau tien thiet lap tien le phap ly (Chien dich Gatekeeper) - 160 trieu USD GPU H100/H200 bi buon ban tu thang 10/2024 - thang 5/2025 - Hinh phat bao gom len den 20 nam tu vi vi pham kiem soat xuat khau - Dan nhan lai voi thuong hieu gia (SANDKYAN) duoc su dung de tranh phat hien
Cho cac nha lap ke hoach co so ha tang: - Thi truong den hoat dong voi muc phu phi khoang 50% (420K-490K USD moi rack 8-GPU B200) - Xac minh chuoi cung ung rat quan trong: nhan gia dang xam nhap thi truong - Cac tuyen buon lau duoc xac dinh qua Malaysia, Thai Lan, Singapore - Khuyen nghi xac minh so seri cho cac trien khai bao mat cao
Cho lap ke hoach chien luoc: - Vu truy to den mot ngay sau thong bao noi long xuat khau H200 - Chien dich Gatekeeper dang tiep dien: du kien co them hanh dong - Uoc tinh hon 1 ty USD chip bi han che duoc van chuyen den Trung Quoc nam 2025 - Kiem soat xuat khau tao ra ganh nang thuc thi nhung khong loai bo quyen truy cap
Tai lieu tham khao
De duoc ho tro trien khai co so ha tang AI, hay lien he Introl.
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CNBC. U.S. uncovers scheme to reroute Nvidia GPUs worth 160 million to China despite export bans. December 9, 2025. ↩
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Department of Justice. Operation Gatekeeper Criminal Complaint. December 2025. ↩
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Toms Hardware. Two more perps apprehended over smuggling of 160 million of Nvidia chips to China. December 2025. ↩
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